Billings, MT vs Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA

Reading the Billings vs Waterloo Comparison

Billings (MT) and Waterloo (IA) are assembled here from the same federal data pipeline — BEA Regional Price Parities, HUD Fair Market Rents, BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, FBI Uniform Crime Reports, NCES public-school counts, and EPA environmental indicators — so every number on this page is directly comparable. The overall cost index reads 93.5 for Billings against 87.1 for Waterloo, a 6.5-point gap on a scale where 100 equals the U.S. average. HUD's 2-bedroom Fair Market Rent — the figure used to set housing-choice voucher payment standards — is $1,417/mo in Billings and $1,051/mo in Waterloo, a $366/mo difference that compounds to $4,392 over a year.

Wage data is reported by metro delineation, and one of these metros is missing a BLS record for the latest OES cycle; the salary columns below fall back to available years. State-level violent crime, the most reliable geographic tier FBI UCR publishes, is 426.4 per 100,000 residents in MT vs 238.5 in IA, with property-crime rates of 1645.6 and 1286.3 respectively.

Schools are reported at the state tier by NCES: MT lists 826 public schools at a 12.1:1 student-teacher ratio, while IA lists 1,326 schools at 15.0:1 — a signal of class-size staffing, though individual district and school-level variation within each state is substantial. Department of Labor center-based infant care runs $11,466/yr in the Billings area versus $8,306/yr in Waterloo — a line item that shifts the real cost-of-living picture for households with children under five far more than headline RPP does. When these pieces are read together rather than in isolation, Billings and Waterloo are not simply "cheaper" or "more expensive" — they trade across dimensions, and which metro wins depends on whether your household optimizes for rent, wages, schools, childcare, safety, or environment. Treat the tables below as inputs to that trade-off, not as a single ranking.